"VISIONING A DOWNTOWN" PROPOSAL
Draft 8/20/2005b
What should Berkeley's downtown "be"? Does Berkeley really want a "Downtown?"
SUMMARY

To provide a direction for the many disparate but consequential downtown planning efforts now underway,
  1. Undertake a "civic visioning exercise" to tap the local creativity and "genius" of Berkeley citizens to vision what Berkeley Downtown might be, and
  2. Employ an opinion research form to quantify via a phone poll the relative preference of the citizens of Berkeley for planning directions for Downtown.
If successful:
  • The "visioning" phase will make the downtown a more frequent topic of casual dicussion, get urban planning ideas and tradeoffs on the minds of more people, highlight the values of Berkeley residents regarding downtown, indicate the questions the subsequent opinion survey need include and - perhaps - unearth an extremely compelling idea.
  • The "survey" will determine where citizens actually stand regarding the tradeoff elements that compose a downtown, indicating peoples' priorities with more authority than the presumption of activists or elected officials.
The outcome of the two-phase effort is a set of directions for downtown design which can be represented as "owned" by the citizens of the city. This will serve the many downtown planning efforts concurrently underway, enabling them to get more design product for effort expended, embrace a common goal, and avoid major sinks of divisiveness.

I. BACKGROUND

The present moment is a critical passage for Berkeley's downtown. Several great changes are in motion. Hundreds of units of new downtown  housing are under construction. Some exciting non-residential improvements such as one slated for the Shattuck Hotel are underway.. Off-street parking has been substantially reduced by accident (i.e.the Hink's structure, the Vista College lot and more), not by design. In the near future U.C. will presumably move ahead with its vast downtown hotel, conference center and museum complex. The initiative to daylight Strawberry Creek has not been funded but is still championed by its advocates. Most potentially wrenching is the "Bus Rapid Transit" system on AC Transit drawing boards. This will radically rearrange central downtown Shattuck Avenue. The elements of the Lyndon-Buchanan Plan of '94 were long ago deployed. In spite of all the development money being expended in downtown - and regardless of what the Mayor's office says - downtown is partially languishing, not decisively advancing. See's, Gateway, Houston's, Tupper and Reed, Aperio and other businesses are turning over and there are numerous downtown vacancies. Downtown sales tax revenues have declined annually since 2001.

Probably not since the construction of BART in the 60's has the need for a downtown master design been greater. Distracted by severe budget problems the present administration is unlikely to make master planning a high priority. The City and U.C. have just signed a sort of co-design pact which is clouding the local waters of design accountability, seeming to some a new cause to "wait longer and see."

Most people are uninitiated to how design happens and how it exerts consequence. Hence few share a sense of alarm. The city bureaucracy is "swamped" and "understaffed" as always. Its charge provides for authoring design codes but not for launching major design initiatives.

DILEMMA

Why, in spite of the fair potential-laden clouds over Berkeley, has Downtown failed to advance toward something splendid?

It does not take long to learn the answer. If you speak to seasoned planning professionals in both government and in private firms who consult for cities and developers, including ones who have dedicated large amounts of their time to Berkeley, you hear the same:

What should Berkeley's downtown "be"? Does Berkeley really want a "Downtown?"

Competent, still-viable design manuals authored in 1990 and 1994 guide fine-grain decisions regarding building facades, signage, setbacks and the like. But a compelling master plan for downtown is lacking because there is no widely-owned vision for downtown.

"VISION" VS "DESIGN"

"Vision" and "Design" are different. "Design" is "the arrangement of elements that make up a work of art, a machine, or other human-made object." We are comfortable with hiring people to formulate our designs. Since design is a rigorous combination of science, scholarship and art we usually refer it to specialists. But "vision" is completely different. It is the purpose or mission of the design. It should not be solicited from outsiders nor from experts. We must author it ourselves.

Many talented people have thought for a long time about Berkeley's downtown. It it possible that world-class design input could be had if only designers were assured of a broadly accepted mission at which to aim their effort. Pent-up reservoirs of creativity plus logic, perhaps even a breathtaking innovation, could activate if given an assured direction.

I propose that the DBA Design Subcommittee, with and only with the blessing of the DBA board, the City and of other local stakeholders, plus the requisite pledges of support from local press and from sources of some modest funds, commence a civic "visioning" excercise. The DBA Design Submittee, being an innocuous, unaligned, powerless, non-advocacy group with resources including professional expertise, a range of downtown stakeholders and staff support, is will suited to initiate this project.

Experience with public input processes such as the many in which the School District has engaged since the passage of its 1992 bond measure has repeatedly demonstrated the Berkeley population has abundant capacity to author its own visions and is apt to prefer its inventions over any "bought" from outside professionals. The parents of Berkeley have "visioned" into existence - and landed the $300M financing for - a crop of extraordinary new and rennovated school facilities that are the envy of every city. Those parents are Berkeley citizens.

II. OVERVIEW OF THE "VISIONING EXERCISE"

Phase One - Written Submissions

The DBA Design Subcommittee sponsors a city-wide "Visioning Downtown" contest. Citizens and organizations are solicited to submit a written "vision" for Berkeley Downtown. The submissions must conform to a few parameters, to be determined. For example they must respect some common sense basics of economics, demographics, etc. Weightless "fantasy" is not invited. Length is limited - perhaps to 500 words. Author must be identified, be it organization or individual. The submissions shall be judged by a panel consisting of  ___  persons of varied creditials, to be identified and announced beforehand. The 20 (or 10, or whatever number) submissions of "greatest interest" will be published by local press which affords broad consumption by the public - probably the Planet? The submissions who get published might receive some modest "prize" such as gift certificates. Prizes are to make it more "sporting" and to encourage participation by more people than just the rhetorically possessed. Public reaction via letters or e-mail is harvested during a subsequent comment period of an announced duration.

Phase Two - Poll of Citizens

Contract a credible scientific phone poll of the citizens of Berkeley. This presumes that the harvested visions will be "all over the place", or cluster into two or three irreconcilable variations. Rather than igniting a war by drawing new lines of division upon which politicians and activists take sides, we use opinion research to find out where Berkeleyans really stand. BUSD has done this several times in the past 15 years with outstanding success. Persual of the BUSD opinion survey outcomes of 1994 and 2000 illustrate the nuanced insights which can be obtained by a highly competent polling firm. (Fairbank, Maslin, Maullin & Associates Opinion Research and Public Policy Analysis, Santa Monica California. Surveys 1994, 2000, 2004.) A well-done opinion survey is a divisiveness antidote. Everyone who examined the BUSD surveys came away enlightened and dispassionate. Its content reveals the populace's opinion, not what someone represents as their opinion.

Phone polling is expensive - over $20,000 for a city our size. But the idea should not be disdained on account of this price tag.

Too often Berkeley activists advocate points of view without any intention of determining what citizens really want. The survey follow-up is important and must be advertised from the start as a non-dispensable component. The goal is a vision owned by The Populace of Berkeley, NOT one advocated exclusively by "the powers that be," the Mayor's office, the DBA, the Chamber, the CNA, "Livable Berkeley," Greens, UC, BAHA, or other voice that is practiced at being heard. For that reason the cost of the survey should be shared by several sponsors with divergent self-interests so it is not suspect. Perhaps DBA could kick in a third to as much as $10,000 of the total cost. If this process yielded a vision which most of the city can own without a prolonged and tedious struggle which sows more dissent and impasse it's a "bargain."

III. THE PARTICULARS: A LESS-MEETING PROCESS

This proposal should be advanced with all possible haste. The reason is not impatience, but the great and increasing number of gladiators filing into the design arena at the present moment. The aim of this proposal is to unearth a direction toward which all might apply creative design effort before battle gear is donned and a default direction is determined by who is left standing after a long contest.

The proposed process deliberately avoids "meetings." We acknowledge that meeting are the commonly presumed method of "hammering" out design guidelines and plans. But a very large number of meetings have already occurred. Many more are mandated by the various processes and grants already in motion. This plan's means for capturing residents' voice is not the serendipitous, excruciating vehicle of public meetings but a carefully designed and executed phone poll. This plan's "product" is no more than an informational nugget. It has no statuatory binding authority; no laws are adopted or public money expended without adequate representation. See the "Q&A" below for more about meetings and why this aims to avoid them.

But without "buy-in" by civic officials and stakeholder organizations this plan is not viable. Hence the proposal must be presented to them. The sponsors propose to walk it around to each rather than to convene a congress of all. Such a congress would probably require months to intiate and then assume a life of its own - yet another "task force."

The proposal has so far been discussed only by the DBA design subcommittee. The committee raised points which this revised draft has incorporated.

Preliminary step - "buy-in" by DBA, local officials and interest groups  The "idea" should rapidly be brought before the DBA Board. It must next be walked around to the short list of key officials and organizations. This outreach can begin concurrently with the Board's consideration in order to conserve calendar time. The committee's first-draft roster of suggested approvals:

  • The Mayor's Office;
  • a representative of the city Planning Department
  • BAHA
  • "Liveable Berkeley"
  • U.C. (both City Planning Department academic staff and U.C. campus planning staff)
  • Merchants. (DBA presumably speaks on behalf of most but they have have a great stake in the outcome and merit additional outreach.)

  • Endorsement of the proposal is not solicited but is welcome. We seek only to ascertain comfort. We are not offering a veto opportunity. But a decision by any well known organization to block the idea it would be a serious setback necessitating delay and correction.

    The aim is also to identify resources and "friends." Without the cooperation of local media the deployment will be harder. This preliminary "championing" process will require much time and energy and needs to happen in a relatively short time. It is beyond means of a small volunteer committee. Additional recruits are needed.

    By the end of this phase the proposal will no longer be "owned" by DBA. It will presumably be co-sponsored by DBA and by other parties, reflecting its larger constituency.

    Phase One, Civic Visioning - The Particulars   The visioning process must be designed with care. Here is a first-cut.
    1. Preparation. The survey firm is selected, the calendar, the criteria for submissions and judges are all decided.
    2. Public announcement of the exercise. Disclosure of full particulars including the schedule, names of sponsors, names of "editors" and of submission "judges", etc. Publishing of a few brief articles about city planning - principles, elements, examples, taking care to avoid becoming too academic. Needs to be lively enough to interest all types and ages.
    3. Solicitation of first round of written submissions.
    4. Publishing of selection of first round submissions
    5. Public discussion period. Letters to editor, possible public forums, other "fun" and informative events.
    6. Solicitation of second round of written submissions.
    7. Publishing of second round of submissions, and judges' summary of the choices posed by the disparate schemes. This is the preliminary to execution of Phase Two, the phone survey..

    Phase Two - Phone Survey   This is executed by the polling consultant selected earlier. At the conclusion of the poll the outcome is published and posted permanently on the Internet. There is no warrant for officials to heed the outcome. But ignore the "Will of the People" at one's risk!

    We do not deny the possibility that it will all have no consequence! But it seems more likely there will be consequences, most likely positive, exceeding the explicit ones described here. Surely we will all learn about ourselves and our preferences as a city.

    IV. Q&A

    (Responses by Bruce Wicinas, DBA Design subcommitte.)

    Question 1 Any kind of design plan for downtown would need to have a much larger constituency than just DBA.

    The DBA is not "the constituency" for this. Such an exercise would accomplish nothing. The goal is to vision something for which the population of Berkeley is the constituency. I think the DBA is fair enough to buy into that, and take that risk. The basic goal of DBA is a vigorous "downtown," and presumably the citizens share this desire. I am not aware that DBA is doggedly wed to any one vision of downtown. Much of DBA consists of very small merchants, and on the DBA board sit more small owners and non-owners than large rich owners. All share commitment to Berkeley.

    Question 2 The "powers that be" tend to have ways of making sure poll questions result in predetermined answers.

    Yes, but it does not have to invalidate the outcome. We're trying to uncover truth, not fashion a post-decision justification. I worked with BUSD and their polling firm in 1999. I was on the little panel that heard presentations from all the polling firms and made the selection. I recommend the same firm that BUSD has used on the three successive occasions. Their track record in Berkeley has been very strong. But the proper method of choosing a firm is to hear presentations by several.

    Question 3  Why do you propose to avoid meetings?

    Large public meetings are opportunities to air needs and objections, not engines for creativity. "Task forces" sometime produce important products but retain only participants with stamina or with a personal need for a forum. Any process which posits public meetings must provide a series, spanning a "reasonable" duration of calendar time. Furthermore the meetings must be adequately "representative." This necessitates outreach because people vary in their affinity for public meetings; unfortunately their propensity tends to track socio-economic level. Etc. In short, engineering and executing viable, representative public meetings is difficult and expensive. Moreover, no matter how splendidly fashioned the meetings, most people will stay away until they feel their interests are threatened. Considering all this, what can be harvested at "come-one-come-all" meetings? I speak as a veteran of many, both "Devil's engines for wasting time" as well as ones yielding practical outcomes.

    Berkeley residents are innundated by meetings. There have been, are and will be many meetings addressed to downtown design issues. The object of this proposal is to try "mining" citizens' preference and creativity by other means.

    See also "Visioning a Downtown" Steps for a suggested "1,2,3, etc." progression of actions. for moving ahead.
    Comments welcome: e-mail Bruce Wicinas, DBA Design Subcommittee .